Iphiriyodi yodidi lweGem yohlulwe kakhulu ibe yiperiod etyheli-luhlaza, iperiod eluhlaza, iperiod eluhlaza, emthubi-luhlaza, iperiod eluhlaza (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-emeraldi yorhatya okanye i-emeraldi yasentshona, iprimrose ye-emeraldi yangokuhlwa) kunye negugu lesibhakabhaka.
Isafire ebomvu ebomvu yesafire: ngaphambili, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lukholelwa ukuba yi-corundum kuphela enobunzulu obuphakathi ukuya kumnyama obomvu okanye obomvu obomvu inokubizwa ngokuba yirubhi.Ezo zijike isibane esibomvu sibe kukhanya kakhulu zibizwa ngokuba yisafire epinki.
Umahluko phakathi kweGarnet kunye negem efanayo kunye negarnet yokwenziwa.Amatye anqabileyo afana nombala kwiigarnet ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iirubhi, iisafire, i-corundum yokufakelwa, i-topazi, i-emeralds, i-Jadeite, njl.
Igarnet ebomvu yi-aluminium garnet series ye-magnesium aluminiyam garnet, yeyeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zegarnet.Umbala obomvu wegarnet obomvu unokwenza abantu babe nomtsalane ongenakuphikiswa, bakhangele ulonwabo kunye nothando olungunaphakade, ukwandisa ukuzithemba, ilitye labasetyhini.
I-Tourmaline inokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nombala.Ishishini lezacholo lamazwe ngamazwe lihlulwe ngokwesiseko kwiintlobo zorhwebo ngokombala we-tourmaline, kwaye umbala obala ngakumbi, ixabiso eliphezulu.
I-spinel yiminerali eyenziwe nge-magnesium kunye ne-aluminium oxide, kuba iqulethe i-magnesium, isinyithi, i-zinc, i-manganese kunye nezinye izinto, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi, ezifana ne-aluminium spinel, i-iron spinel, i-zinc spinel, i-manganese spinel, i-chrome spinel kunye njalo njalo.
I-Ruby [1], oku kuthetha ukuba i-corundum yombala obomvu, luhlobo lwe-corundum kwaye lubandakanya ngokuyinhloko i-aluminium oxide (AL 2O 3) .Umbala obomvu uvela kwi-chromium (CR) , ngokukodwa i-Cr2O3, umxholo ngokubanzi ngu-0.1 ~ 3% , ephezulu yi-4%.Iqulathe uFe, uTi kunye nobhlowu uthe iSapphire, umbala ongeyo-chromium CR weminye imibala yecorundum ekwabizwa ngokuba yiSapphire.
IGem ebotshelelwe zonke iintlobo zegem grade corundum ngaphaya kwerubhi zibizwa ngokuba yisafire.Igama leminerali yeSapphire ye-corundum, iqela leeminerali ze-corundum.
Ikristale yeTan ikwabizwa ngokuba yikristale yeti, kwaye iquartz yomsi (iquartz emdaka) ikwabizwa ngokuba yikristale yomsi kunye nekristale ye-inki I-Radioactive Uninzi lweekristale zeti ziziintsika ezimacala mathandathu.Njengezinye iikristale ezicacileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kukho iintsingiselo ezinje ngokuqhekeka komkhenkce, ilifu kunye nenkungu.
I-Topaz imsulwa ekuhleni kodwa ihlala i-opaque ngenxa yokungcola kuyo.Itopazi idla ngokuba nombala wewayini okanye umthubi.Kodwa inokuba mhlophe, grey, blue, green.Itopazi engenambala, xa isikwe kakuhle, inokuthi iphosakele ngedayimane.
I-TSAVORITE (TSAVORITE) igama lekhemikhali yi-chrome vanadium calcium aluminiyam garnet, kuba iqulethe umkhondo we-chromium kunye ne-vanadium, i-Emerald Green ethambileyo, ekholisa iliso.I-Shafe National Park yaseKenya yafunyanwa yingcali yokwakheka komhlaba uCampbell Brydges ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960.
I-China ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu be-turquoise.I-Turquoise iveliswa kwiZhushan County, Yunxi County, Anhui Ma'anshan, Shaanxi Baihe, Xichuan, Henan, Hami, Xinjiang, Wulan, Qinghai kunye nezinye iindawo.